"I'm using the HQ-Insane profile" You've answered your own question. I can make a 50 minute 1680x1050 videos take over 50 hours to encode if I set --ref 16, --trellis 2, --subme 7, and --no-fast-pskip. And that's even without using --me esa --merange 256! (use those two if you want it to take an hour per frame) Of course, lowering the above settings to --ref 3, --subme 6, and removing --no-fast-pskip will boost speed by 5-10x at about 2-5% quality loss. Don't use insane if you care about the time it takes on your encode; the benefits over more sane profiles are meager at most.